Medically reviewed by Prof. Dr. Waleed El-Guindy — Pediatric CardiologistQuick answer
Congenital heart defects are differences in the heart's structure present at birth, and are among the most common birth defects. Some are minor and close on their own; others need catheter intervention or surgery. Diagnosis is by echocardiography, and regular follow-up with a pediatric cardiologist determines the right timing for any intervention.
Common congenital heart defects
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD).
- Atrial septal defect (ASD).
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
- Pulmonary or aortic valve stenosis.
- Coarctation of the aorta.
- Tetralogy of Fallot and complex defects.
Warning signs
- A heart murmur.
- Blue lips or extremities (cyanosis).
- Fast breathing or sweating during feeds.
- Poor weight gain.
- Recurrent chest infections.
Treatment
- Regular echo follow-up for minor defects.
- Medication to support heart function when needed.
- Interventional catheterisation to close some holes or open narrowed valves.
- Open-heart surgery for selected cases, with pre- and post-operative follow-up.
FAQs about Congenital Heart Defects
Does a hole in the heart close on its own?
Many small holes, especially VSDs, close spontaneously in the first years of life. Echo follow-up confirms this.
Does every congenital defect need surgery?
No. Some need follow-up only, some are treated by catheter without surgery, and surgery is reserved for specific cases.